Tuesday, October 1, 2019
The Effects of Sport on Levels of Mindfulness and Experiences of Flow:
The area of research that will be of focal concern is conscious awareness in relation to the concept of ââ¬Ëmindfulnessââ¬â¢. In addition to this, analogous research surrounding the topic area will be integrated, with particular attention being paid to an important aspect of sport psychology known as ââ¬Ëflowââ¬â¢. Mindfulness has its roots in ancient spiritual traditions, namely Buddhism (Keng, Smoski, & Robins, 2011), and is commonly defined as ââ¬Å"the awareness that emerges through paying attention on purpose, in the present moment, and non-judgmentally to the unfolding experience moment by momentâ⬠(Kabat-Zinn, 2003, p. 145). Definitions like the preceding are common in contemporary literature, however many authors have suggested that mindfulness is a somewhat elusive construct and that defining it in concrete terms is difficult (Brown & Ryan, 2004). It was recognised that the word ââ¬Ëmindfulnessââ¬â¢ had been used in array of contexts to describe a psychological trait, a state of awareness, in addition to a meditative practice, which together leave the concept ambiguous in nature. In an attempt to clarify its meaning, Bishop et al (2004) proposed a two-component operational definition, with the first component involving the self-regulation of attention, and the second involving the adoption of an open, curious, accepting awareness of experiences in the present moment (Anderson, Lau, Segal, & Bishop, 2007). ââ¬ËBeing mindfulââ¬â¢ can therefore be contrasted with ââ¬Ëbeing mindlessââ¬â¢ or ââ¬Ëbeing on automatic pilotââ¬â¢, and is predominantly characterised by sustained attention on the present-moment experience (Keng, Smoski, & Robins, 2011). The relevance of the application and integration of mindfulness into psychological theory, and subsequently into practice (Sh... ...enhancement. Journal of Clinical Sports Psychology, 4, 291-302. Morgan, B. G. (2010). Review: Psychological skills training as a way to enhance an athleteââ¬â¢s performance in high-intensity sports. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 20(2), 78-87. Shapiro, S. L. (2009). The integration of mindfulness and psychology. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 65(6), 555-560. The Melbourne Academic Mindfulness Interest Group. (2009). Mindfulness-based psychotherapies: A review of conceptual foundations, empirical evidence and practical considerations. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 40, 285-294. Thompson, R. W., Kaufman, K. A., De Petrillo, L. A., Glass, C. R., & Arnkoff, D. B. (2011). One year follow-up of mindful sport performance enhancement (MSPE) with archers, golfers, and runners. Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology, 5, 99-116.
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